APHON Pediatric Chemotherapy-Biotherapy Renewal

Figure 5: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Checkpoint proteins, such as PD-L1 on tumor cells and PD-1 on T cells, help keep immune responses in check. The binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 keeps T cells from killing tumor cells in the body (left panel). Blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti–PD-L1 or anti–PD-1) allows the T cells to kill tumor cells (right panel). National Cancer Institute, 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/about- cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/checkpoint-inhibitors. Copyright 2015 Terese Winslow LLC; U.S. government has certain rights.

Although ICPIs have not yet been widely utilized in the realm of pediatric cancer treatment, their successful use for adult cancers has increased interest in developing clinical trials to identify indications for their use in pediatric cancers. Commonly used ICPI drugs are featured in Table 1 .