APHON Pediatric Chemotherapy-Biotherapy Renewal

because hearing loss may influence patients’ social and cognitive development, affecting their speech patterns, their learning, and their performance in school. Carboplatin. Carboplatin, like cisplatin, can cause permanent hearing loss in patients receiving the drug. This vestibulotoxic effect results from high doses of carboplatin disrupting the mitochondria of hair cells, thus leading to damage of cranial nerve VIII, which is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain ( Figure 3 ).

• The olfactory nerve (I): instrumental for the sense of smell, it is one of the few nerves that are capable of regeneration. • The optic nerve (II): carries visual information from the retina of the eye to the brain. • The oculomotor nerve (III): controls most of the eye’s movements, the constriction of the pupil, and maintains an open eyelid. • The trochlear nerve (IV): motor nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which controls rotational movement. • The trigeminal nerve (V): responsible for sensation and motor function in the face and mouth. • The abducens nerve (VI): motor nerve that innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which controls lateral movement. • The facial nerve (VII): controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity. • The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII): responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. • The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX): receives sensory information from the tonsils, the pharynx, the middle ear, and the rest of the tongue. • The vagus nerve (X): responsible for many tasks, including heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, sweating, and muscle movements in the mouth, including speech and keeping the larynx open for breathing. • The spinal accessory (XI): controls specific muscles of the shoulder and neck. • The hypoglossal nerve (XII): controls the tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing.

Figure 3. Cranial Nerves From Lumen Learning, 2021. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/cranial-nerves/. Licensed under CC-BY-2.5, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/legalcode